Aquinas Five Proofs for the Existence of God - 1933 Words

Scientific reasoning has brought humanity to incredibly high levels of sophistication in all realms of knowledge. For Saint Thomas Aquinas, his passion involved the scientific reasoning of God. The existence, simplicity and will of God are simply a few topics which Aquinas explores in the Summa Theologica. Through arguments entailing these particular topics, Aquinas forms an argument that God has the ability of knowing and willing this particular world of contingent beings. The contrasting nature of necessary beings and contingent beings is at the heart of this debate. Aquinas sets up this argument in his discussion of whether or not God exists. His five proofs set up the framework for much of his later writings in the Summa†¦show more content†¦The ideas that God is altogether simple and that he has complete knowledge of himself and all things form the foundation for much of Aquinas arguments for the existence of a world of contingent beings, deriving from a necessary being. Aquinas continues this line of reasoning in his argument that Gods knowledge is the cause of things. Aquinas likens this relationship to the artificer and the art. The artificer, working through his intellect, creates the art. As Aquinas says, Hence the form in the intellect must be the principle of action. Aquinas also says, Now it is manifest that God causes things by his intellect, since his being is his act of understanding; and hence his knowledge must be the cause of things, insofar as his will is joined to it. Aquinas is saying here that if Gods intellect creates things, i.e. human beings, then he must also be the cause of those things because his intellect is the same thing as his will. Keeping in mind that God is altogether simple, this conclusion naturally follows a logical sense of reasoning. Following article 8, Aquinas delves into a new topic in article 9 concerning whether or not God knows things that are not, or rather things that have never happened. Aquinas is referring to possibilities that never actually came into being. Aquinas argues that God does indeed know all of these things. God does not exist in any sense of time, therefore he doesnt see things inShow MoreRelated Saint Thomas Aquinas Five Proofs for the Existence of God Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesSaint Thomas Aquinas Five Proofs for the Existence of God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientific reasoning has brought humanity to incredibly high levels of sophistication in all realms of knowledge. For Saint Thomas Aquinas, his passion involved the scientific reasoning of God. The existence, simplicity and will of God are simply a few topics which Aquinas explores in the Summa Theologica. Through arguments entailing these particular topics, Aquinas forms an argument that God has the ability of knowing and willingRead MoreAquinas’ has five proofs for Gods existence. His first proof is an argument from motion. Nothing600 Words   |  3 PagesAquinas’ has five proofs for Gods existence. His first proof is an argument from motion. Nothing can move itself unless it was placed into motion. His second proof is an argument from efficient causes. We experience a series of efficient causes of things. I didn’t exist to my prior existence. Nothing before exists. Nothing can be caused by itself. The third proof is the argument from possi bility and necessity. We find natural things that are possible to be and not to be. Things come in and out ofRead MoreThe Existence Of Saint Thomas Aquinas And Ren?ï ¿ ½ Descartes1460 Words   |  6 PagesGod’s existence has long been a topic of controversy, one that spans the course of many centuries and––because of its nature––will never be resolved. Two notable philosophers have attempted to prove God’s existence: Saint Thomas Aquinas and Renà © Descartes. Despite having been influenced by the former, Descartes’ arguments––while similar to Aquinas’––are reached through noticeably different methods. To analyze Aquinas’ proof for God’s existence, it is important to first analyze his definition ofRead MoreThe Existence Of God s Existence1339 Words   |  6 Pagesto find proofs or evidence to appease our minds. Questions like â€Å"What is our purpose?† or â€Å"Why or how is the world created?† are some of the general questions that typically lead to the idea of God. The existence of God is one of the most sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, introducedRead MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas On The Existence Of God1338 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers shifted their focus primarily to proving the existence of God, as well as other religious tenets they held. Two Saints of the Catholic Church, St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas, developed their own respective proofs for the existence of God. These proofs have gained fame over the subsequent centuries and still face debate and comparison today. Although both St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas both offer proofs for the existence of God, the proofs differ drastically due to the distinct argumentativeRead MoreAn Examination Into The Respective Proofs Of St. Aquinas1288 Words   |  6 PagesRespective Proofs of St. Anselm and St. Aquinas During the Medieval Period, philosophers shifted their focus primarily to proving the existence of God, as well as other religious tenets. Two Saints of the Catholic Church, St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas, developed their own respective proofs for the existence of God. These proofs have gained fame over the subsequent centuries and still face debate and comparison today. Although both St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas offer proofs for the existence of GodRead MoreThe Five Ways Of The Existence Of God1557 Words   |  7 Pagesshort paper will analyze â€Å"The Five Ways†, from Summa Theologica, by Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274). We cannot prove that God exists, merely by considering the word God, for that strategy work, we would have to presume to know God s essence. According to Aquinas, the existence of God can be proved. This paper will discuss what each of the five ways are that Thomas Aquinas introduced to show the existence of God. The Argument from Change: To begin with, one way to prove that God exists is to contemplate theRead More Existence of God Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesIn the â€Å"Suma Theologica,† by Saint Thomas Aquinas, Aquinas combines the doctrines of Christianity with Aristotelian philosophy, through the assertion that as a result of observation, utilization of the senses, and an empirical mindset, one can substantiate the existence of God. Aquinas holds the conception that in the quest for God’s existence, philosophy and theology are interwoven together and both play complementary roles. He infuses numerous theological doctrines, mainly from Saint AugustineRead MoreThe s Ontological Proof For The Existence Of God Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesontological proof for the existence of God. In an effort to gain a deeper knowledge and acquaintance with his creator, Anselm set out to logically deduce God’s existence from the very definition of God. In the Proslogion he writ es, â€Å"God is that which a greater cannot be thought. Whoever understands this properly, understands that this being exists in such a way that he cannot, even in thought, fail to exist† (Anselm, 101). Anselm uses this definition as the fundamental argument for his proof of God’sRead MoreThe Five Ways Of Proving God s Existence790 Words   |  4 PagesEdward Tajchman Intro to Philosophy 29 October 2014 Reflections on The Essay, The Five Ways of Proving God s Existence, by Thomas Aquinas Aquinas proposes that there are five ways of proving the existence of god. The first way is motion. Things in motion are not put in motion of their own accord, so they must have been put in motion by another force. This takes a thing from potentiality into the realm of actuality. Because this thing cannot be the mover and also the thing being moved, another force

Being Diagnosed With Brain Cancer - 1797 Words

Being diagnosed with brain cancer can be a very frightful and stressful situation. Upon receiving a diagnosis, a patient must choose where they will seek treatment. As the National Brain Tumor Society explains in the article â€Å"Treatment Options†, there are different factors that go into selecting an appropriate treatment facility; some of which include age, over all health, and medical history. A patient must also consider the type of tumor, location, and size of the tumor as well. Another factor to acknowledge is how they have reacted to other medications, procedures, and therapies in the past. (National Brain Tumor Society, 2015). While some brain cancer patients seek treatment from large, well-known hospitals, other patients may choose to go to a smaller, local hospital for treatment. National Cancer Institute If a patient chooses to go a community based treatment route, the NCI, or National Cancer Institute, is an option they may consider. The NCI has 69 Cancer Centers that spread among 35 states. These centers include several university medical centers as well as freestanding cancer centers. The main roles of these centers are focusing on studying and controlling cancer. (National Cancer Institute [NCI], 2015) Impact of National Cancer Institute centers. Many of the cancer centers of the NCI are located in communities, which have special needs and specific populations. There are approximately 250,000 patients who are diagnosed with cancer at NCI- Designated CancerShow MoreRelatedLife After Being Diagnosed With Brain Cancer Essay2005 Words   |  9 PagesIn 2014, the American public was captivated by the story of a young woman who decided to end her life after being diagnosed with brain cancer. Brittany Maynard, a 29-year-old woman who had just been married, had been having splitting headaches. She went to the doctor and was diagnosed with a tumor. Her life became a blur of hospital visits, treatment plans, and research into what she could do. Her doctors came to the conclusion that there was no treatment that could save Maynard’s life. AccordingRead MoreCancer is classified as a dangerous disease that is taking over the lives of many people, and900 Words   |  4 PagesCancer is c lassified as a dangerous disease that is taking over the lives of many people, and families today. Cancer is known as a deadly disease that produces unwanted growth of cells in a certain area of a body. According to scientific and medical research, there are over a hundred different types of cancer out there, but each specifically classified by the cell that it is initially affected by. There can be many reasons that lead to cancerous growths in the body. Most believe it is in geneticsRead MoreHow Does the Brain Work?1754 Words   |  7 Pagesto function normally and knowing there is no cure to help them, it is frustrating. Cancer patients do struggle just like the patients with Neurological disorders but there is more patients with Neurological disorders than Cancer patients. The problem is more funding is given to Cancer research as opposed to Neurological research. A Patient with a Neurological disorder can be disabled their whole life without being able to do anything. It wou ld only be fair to help those patients enjoy their lifeRead MoreSusan Sontag s The Devil s Bait1224 Words   |  5 PagesOur eyes unconsciously record thousands upon thousands of bits of information every second. Our brain then acts as a filter to sort out what it thinks is useful and what is not. By doing this, the brain guides us into seeing only what is important. We never see the full picture; just what our brain guides us to see. Metaphors act in the same way in that they guide how people view certain topics and issues. A specific metaphor that becomes accepted by a large enough population of community will determineRead MoreSurvival Rate Is An Incurable Brain Cancer978 Words   |  4 PagesGlioblastoma Glioblastoma (pronounced like gleO blastoma) is an incurable brain cancer,Survival rate is usually measured in months.This became a word that was instantly defined, researched, dissected, feared, and tried to comprehend and understand by family,friends and acquaintances of Larry McKee (McKee)who was personally affected from this single word, it was quickly added to their vocabulary, because of the of the events that transpired on October 22, 2011 that forever changed livesRead MoreThe Ten Attributes Of The University Of Queensland1174 Words   |  5 Pagesthe lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer related death. The most common cause of lung cancer is active and passive cigarette smoking (Lemone Burke, 2011). 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Specifically, in dental x-rays, researchers have been performing studies trying to prove that radiation from x-rays in the dental office can cause cancer . In 2011, Colleagues from the National Cancer Institute conducted a study involving dental x-rays. Sara Schonfield and others did comparisons with the number of x-rays in the dental field for a group of people who have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer (Radiation and Thyroid Cancer.) She studiedRead MoreBreast Cancer Case Study1306 Words   |  6 PagesList A – A critical analysis of diagnostic tests performed and the way in which their results influence management Brain metastases have caused substantial mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Approximately 15% of women with breast cancer will be diagnosed with brain metastases (Zakaria et al., 2014). With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the quality of the patient’s life could be enhanced. Therefore, it is vital for patients with a known primary tumour to undergo imaging studiesRead MoreMelanoma: The Most Dangerous Forms of All Skin Cancer Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesMelanoma is known to be the most dangerous forms of all skin cancers. These brown coloured cancerous growths develop when unrepaired DNA has committed damage to the body’s skin cells. It is known that it is the most commonly triggered by vigorous amounts of sunshine, over excessive use of tanning bed and UV lights which result in making mutations in the skin that produces the skin cells to over multiply at a quick rate which can eventually form nasty tumours. How is Melanoma caused? Melanoma is caused

Suicide among the Youth-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Suicide among the Youth Due to Failure in Professional Carrier. Answer: Introduction Suicide attempts among the youth has been very high in the recent time due to various reasons like cyber bullying, failure in carriers , exam pressures , complications in relationships. This report discusses about the suicide attempts among the youth due to failure in their professional carriers. The report discusses about the organization called Headspace project My Health Records to minimize the suicide attempts. It discusses the problems the project is focusing, its capability to solve the problem and benefits of using the project among others.One of the main reasons for the depression is found that the youth between 16 to 24 age pursues numerous professions and fail in them thus they find it difficult to share their story to anyone about their failure as the result they have to frame the false story every time they interact or else they cut themselves from the world, which makes even more difficult to interact with them and to find their problem. Discussion According to abc news of Australia the mental health service provider Orygen the suicides rates among the youths of Australia is at the highest rate in the past ten years, in spite of various measures taken by Australian government control the situation. The major reasons for the suicide are cyber bulling, carrier risk, complications in relationship and pressure of exams. Headspace is the organization which works with the youth age between 12 to 25 years who suffers from depression and anxiety Therefore to tackle such difficulty we have come up with the new project My Health Record System and the funding of the project has been approved. The project contains the three aspects: Problem The main objective of the My Health Record is to stop the youth from committing suicide. The main reasons for the suicide has been due to failure in multiple professions taken by them which make them feel ashamed to share their stories with anyone therefore the main objective if the project is to find the real story behind their depression and to assist them with that in order to make them feel better and prevent them from suicide. Capabilities The strategy behind developing the My Health Record is to know the real story behind the suicide of these youth. The real story is always the first story told by the person and after the failure in second profession he starts to frame the story in order to hide the real failure. Therefore we encourage our client to start their story from their first profession. The project is also made as a website; if certain person feels uncomfortable to share his problem he can consult the Headspace organization online as the online tools are highly acceptable to young people and the various evidence shows they are working. The organization has also come up with the idea that if someone searches on Google how to commit suicide our organizations helpline number will be displayed where he can get free consultation. We are also encouraging various volunteers to take part in our goal by holding campaigns to stop committing suicide be brave and face the problem. We are also hosting a talk show every we ek on the television where will be inviting peoples who are successful in their life to share their phase of struggle and how they overcome these difficulties to become successful. The organization will also reach to various parents to keep attention on their children by talking to them regularly, not to judge the and motivate them regularly in their dark phase. Benefits Various projects related to stop the suicide attempt has failed in the past therefore My health Record is designed after analyzing the reasons of failure of past projects. The reasons for the failure of this project are not the insufficient fund but failing to focus where the money is going. Social media is the best tool to reach maximum person so our project is mainly designed on that basis like talk shows, online campaign and online consultation. Many a times parent fails to understand their child mental condition therefore Headspace is reaching to the parents to tell them to keep tab on their children and be their friend to discuss their problems. Thus My Health Record is taking these measures to achieve its goal which is to minimize the suicide attempt among youth. Conclusion From the assignment it can be concluded that suicide attempt have been increased alarmingly despite the various projects and programmers launched by the government to stop the suicides. The project designed by Headspace My Heath Record is using online mode such as talk shows and campaign as its tools to spread awareness among youth to stop suicide. The main reason for the failure of the project is not the insufficient funds but failing to utilize the fund. Therefore the money should be invested to advertise in social media as its the best way to reach maximum people Bibliography Andover, M. S., Morris, B. W., Wren, A., Bruzzese, M. E. (2012). The co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health,6(1), 11. Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents.The Lancet,379(9834), 2373-2382. Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., Joiner, T. E. (2015). Evaluating factors and interventions that influence help-seeking and mental health service utilization among suicidal individuals: a review of the literature.Clinical psychology review,40, 28-39. World Health Organization. (2012). Public health action for the prevention of suicide: a framework.

William Faulkner Essay Research Paper An American free essay sample

William Faulkner Essay, Research Paper An American Writer: William Faulkner William Faulkner is viewed by many as America # 8217 ; s greatest author of prose fiction. He was born in New Albany, Mississippi, where he lived a life filled with good times every bit good as bad. However, despite bad times he would go known as a poet, a short narrative author, and eventually one of the greatest modern-day novelists of his clip. William Faulkner # 8217 ; s achievements resulted non merely from his love and devotedness to authorship, but besides from household, friends, and certain unmanageable events. William Faulkner # 8217 ; s life is an amazing achievement ; nevertheless, it is important to research his life prior to his fixated authorship calling ( Mack 1794-1798 ) . In 1905, Faulkner entered the first class at the stamp age of eight, and instantly showed marks of endowment. He non merely drew an explicitly elaborate drawing of a locomotor, but he shortly became an honor-roll pupil. We will write a custom essay sample on William Faulkner Essay Research Paper An American or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout his early instruction, he would work scrupulously at reading, spelling, composing, and arithmetic. However, he particularly enjoyed pulling. When Faulkner got promoted to the 3rd class, jumping the 2nd class, he was asked by his instructor what he wanted to be when he grew up. He replied, # 8220 ; I want to be a author merely like my great granddaddy # 8221 ; ( Minter 18 ) . Faulkner took involvement in poesy around 1910, but no 1 in Oxford, Mississippi, could state him hat to make with his verse forms. Faulkner, who was really chatty, would ever entertain Estelle Oldham by stating her vividly fanciful narratives. Finally, Faulkner grew really fond of Estelle. She became the exclusive galvanizer and receiver of Faulkner # 8217 ; s earlier verse forms. Not long after Faulkner began seeing Estelle on a regular basis, he met a adult male named Phil Stone who was dating one of Estelle # 8217 ; s friends, Katrina. Katrina had told Stone about Faulkner and his poesy. So one afternoon, Stone went to Faulkner # 8217 ; s house to acquire to cognize him better, and during his visit he received several written poetries from Faulkner # 8217 ; s poesy. Stone non merely became a really close friend of Faulkner # 8217 ; s, but besides a wise man to the immature author at the beginning of his calling. Stone instantly gave the possible poet encouragement, advice, an d theoretical accounts for his survey of literature ( Minter 29 ) . As Faulkner grew older he began to lose involvement in his school assignment and turned his attending to sports, such as football and baseball, which caused his classs to get down to fall. Finally, he quit both sports and school wholly. In 1919, his first literary work was acknowledged and published. The verse form is a forty-line poetry with a Gallic rubric that acknowledges the influence of the Gallic Symbolists. # 8220 ; From Mallarme he took the rubric of his first published verse form ; from Verlaine # 8217 ; s # 8216 ; Le Faune # 8217 ; he took the cardinal device of The Marble Faun # 8221 ; ( Minter 36 ) . # 8220 ; The Marble Faun brings Pastoral art and modern aestheticism into a concurrence that non merely exposes the failings of pastoral poesy, peculiarly its artificiality, but besides establishes the applicability of those failings to our apprehension of modern aestheticism # 8221 ; ( Minter 36 ) . Faulkner enrolled at the University of Mississippi, and did non allow his academic old ages distract him from composing more verse forms. The Mississippian, the pupil paper, published # 8220 ; Landing in Luck. # 8221 ; The short narrative, nine pages in length were created straight from his direct experience in the Royal Air Force flight preparation in 1916. After awhile he began to acquire tired of school one time once more. He started cutting categories and eventually stopped traveling. In the summer of 1921, Faulkner decided to take a trip to New York to have some professional direction from editors and critics, because Stone was busy with his academic surveies. Faulkner stayed in New York and shared an improbably little flat with a adult male named Stark Young ( Minter 35-40 ) . During Faulkner # 8217 ; s stay in New York, Stone became disquieted about him and his fiscal problems. So Stone instantly went to work on behalf of his friend and became the Assistant District Attorney. # 8220 ; Within a few months, his restlessness had taken him back to Oxford and the most unlikely occupation he would of all time keep # 8221 ; ( Minter 42 ) . Stone pulled some strings and got Faulkner appointed to the occupation of postmaster at the university station office. Even as postmaster, Faulkner still found clip to compose. When Faulkner finished the typescript for Soldier # 8217 ; s Pay, he it sent to a publishing house who gave him two hundred dollars in advanced wage. He used the money to pay for his trip to Europe. While in Paris, Faulkner began to work on the fresh Elmer. Unfortunately, it was neer completed, but it still exists today in several versions. After passing some clip in France Faulkner decided to return place ( Minter 46-50 ) . Upon returning to New York, he instantly began his following novel Mosquitoes, which was published a twelvemonth subsequently. In September of 1927, Faulkner finished yet another novel entitled Flags in the Dust. Once this novel was sent to the publishing house, it was cut down to 110,000 words and the rubric was replaced as Sartoris. Within the same month, Faulkner began The Sound and The Fury, which would subsequently go his greatest novel ( Minter 72 ) . He completed the concluding edition of the novel while in New York in October 1928 ( Millgate 26 ) . # 8220 ; In the summer of 1929 Faulkner was married. Estelle Oldham Franklin had divorced her hubby and returned to Oxford with the two kids of the matrimony, Malcolm and Victoria ( known as Cho Cho ) # 8221 ; ( Millgate 28 ) . Faulkner got a occupation working at the university power works. # 8220 ; In October 1930, approximately four months after Faulkner and his married woman had moved into Rowanoak, As I Lay Diing was published # 8221 ; ( Millgate 29 ) . None of his novels where conveying in really much income, and he had a new household to believe approximately. He had to compose something that would convey some income. Sanctuary, his 6th novel, was published in 1931. This fresh brought him # 8220 ; fiscal success # 8221 ; ( Volpe 11 ) . # 8220 ; Faulkner # 8217 ; s first major purchase was an old sign of the zodiac, one of the finest in Oxford # 8221 ; ( Volpe 11 ) . Faulkner settled down in Oxford, while he raised his household. He would merely travel to Hollywood and work on different books whenever he was in demand of some money. # 8220 ; The Faulkners lost their first kid shortly after its birth ; their 2nd kid, besides a miss, they named Jill # 8221 ; ( Volpe 12 ) . From the early 1930 # 8217 ; s to the early 1940 # 8217 ; s Faulkner spent a batch of his clip composing. Before the terminal of 1942, he published seven novels, two aggregations of short narratives, and a book of verse forms ( Volpe 12 ) . Light in August and Absalom, Absalom! were written in this clip period. These two novels rank among the greatest novels in modern-day literature. Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950 ( Volpe 12 ) . As Faulkner was coming to the terminal of his life, he spoke to the plebes at West Point. In his address he read from his last novel called # 8220 ; The Reivers, which became, with in a few yearss of publication, a national best marketer # 8221 ; ( Volpe 13 ) . Shortly there after, on July 6, 1962, the great writer died of a bosom onslaught. Faulkner was known for his realistic novels and true to life short shops. From 1926 to 1962, Faulkner published 19 novels and more than seventy- five short narratives. Most of the novels and a good many of the short narratives are about the people populating in a fictional county in the northern parts of Mississippi called Yoknapatawpha County. The chief town in the county is a little town called Jefferson ( Volpe 13 ) . # 8220 ; Yoknapatawpha County covers an country of 2,400 square estates and contains, harmonizing to Faulkner # 8217 ; s count, 6,298 Whites and 9,313 Negroes # 8221 ; ( Volpe 15 ) . In all of Faulkner # 8217 ; s works about the people of this county, he really identifies around six hundred of them by name. Faulkner uses character and character personalities multiple times in several novels and short narratives. For illustration, # 8220 ; the Negro comrade of the blue white male child is named Ringo in The Unvanquished and Alex Sanders in Intruder in the Dust, but their characters are about indistinguishable # 8221 ; ( Volpe 16-17 ) . # 8220 ; Faulkner is excessively complex a author to explicate in footings of a individual thought, much of his work can be understood by acknowledging that at the centre of the fiction is one important experience: the passage of a male child to manhood # 8221 ; ( Volpe 17 ) . Faulkner frequently unified his narratives by composing about the same households ( Volpe 30 ) . His novels and short narratives are supposed to non merely state a narrative, but besides convey messages about the society of that clip period ( Vol pe 31-32 ) . Faulkner # 8217 ; s illustriousness as an creative person is due to a great extent to what might be called his stereoscopic vision, his ability to cover with the particular and the cosmopolitan at the same time, to do the existent symbolic without giving world. He is unimpeachably the greatest of the American regional authors. His fiction is every bit Southern as Bourbon whisky ( Volpe 28 ) . Faulkner used the people of Yoknapatawpha County to play functions in several of his Hagiographas. His southern upbringing besides played a major function in his work. Faulkner # 8217 ; s short narrative # 8220 ; Barn Burning # 8221 ; is a sad narrative because it really clearly shows the classical battle between the privileged and the underprivileged categories in the southern civilization. Time after clip emotions of desperation resurface from the characters in the narrative. The chief characters have a hapless economic position, and really small hope of bettering their status. Bing a sharecrop farmer, Ab Snopes and his household have to portion half or two-thirds of the crop with the landholder, and besides out of their portion they have to pay for the necessities of life. As a consequence of this position, Ab and his household know from the start what the hereafter will keep. They will go on to work hard for the landlord, while hardly lasting themselves. There is no hope for promotion throughout the narrative. Sarty, his brother and the twin sisters have no entree to instruction, and they must pass their clip working in the Fieldss or at place executing household responsibilities. The Snopes household manages to last and happen work. However, the work offers small benefit other than the opportunity for endurance. They are ever traveling from topographic point to put due to seasons and harvest rotary motion. In order to procure work, they have to reserve land with different landholders. Ab # 8217 ; s emotional instability is a prevailing factor that contributes to his eldritch behaviour throughout the narrative ( Mack 1798-1812 ) The household has moved a twelve times from farm to farm, and at times they are forced to go forth their understanding with the landlord due to Ab # 8217 ; s unacceptable behaviour. His irrational behaviour is transformed into a rebellion. Ab smears the landholder # 8217 ; s rug with Equus caballus manure and so sues the landholder for bear downing him excessively much for the harm. These Acts of the Apostless symbolize defeat with the system and a extremist attack to arise against it. Knowing that penalty could non be avoided when perpetrating such Acts of the Apostless, Ab # 8217 ; s actions take on a more dramatic significance. It is as if he is seeking to convey a message. He is cognizant of the economic unfairness and he feels must react. He chooses to react even at the hazard of him and his household being prosecuted. Ab # 8217 ; s changeless rebellion is displayed by a unsmooth, rancid character and is brought out when he burns down his landlord # 8217 ; s barn. He feels desperation and loss, and inflicts harm to whomever he happens to be working for at the clip. Although the narrative centres on the feelings and ideas of Ab # 8217 ; s youngest boy Sarty, the economic state of affairs of Sarty # 8217 ; s full household plays a critical function in warranting his male parent # 8217 ; s behaviour ( Mack 1798-1812 ) Sarty # 8217 ; s chief job is his trueness to his household. This straight collides with his letdown and suppressed disfavor of his ain male parent. He tends to conceal his feelings by denying the facts. The narrative # 8217 ; s emotional bends are clearly defined by Sarty # 8217 ; s ideas and Ab # 8217 ; s actions. Sarty # 8217 ; s quandary and Ab # 8217 ; s defeats continually grab the reader, functioning up a series of emotions. Given the fortunes of the narrative, is Ab # 8217 ; s barn firing justified? Should Sarty state the landlord that Ab was responsible for firing down the barn? Burning a barn or any other act of hooliganism is decidedly non condoned ( Mack 1798-1812 ) . Faulkner # 8217 ; s usage of the townsfolk in Yoknapatawpha County is besides emphasized in A Rose for Emily. This is another short narrative of Faulkner # 8217 ; s in which the decease of Miss Emily brings together the full population of Jefferson. Jefferson is the chief town in Faulkner # 8217 ; s fictional county. Faulkner uses a great trade of symbolism in this narrative. Miss Emily was raised in the period before the Civil War in the South. An nameless storyteller, who seems to be the voice of the whole town, calls attending to cardinal minutes in her life, including the decease of her male parent and her brief relationship with a adult male from the North named Homer Barron. The narrative fundamentally addresses the symbolic alterations in the South after the Civil War. Miss Emily # 8217 ; s house symbolizes neglect in the new times in the town of Jefferson. Get downing with Miss Emily Grierson # 8217 ; s funeral, throughout the narrative Faulkner foreshadows the stoping a nd cliff-hanging events in Miss Emily # 8217 ; s life. The go oning symbolism and Faulkner # 8217 ; s descriptions of the decaying house coincide with Miss Emily # 8217 ; s physical and emotional decay. As an illustration, the house is in an country of town that was one time a outstanding vicinity that has now deteriorated. Originally the house was a large white house with big balconies, and the pace was decorated with beautiful flowers. But now the people of the town think that the house has become an embarrassment to the town. This happened through a deficiency of attending. The house has deteriorated from a beautiful estate to an ugly hovel. Similarly, Miss Emily has besides become an eyesore in assorted ways. She is described as a # 8220 ; fallen memorial # 8221 ; to propose her former beauty and her ulterior ugliness ( Faulkner 119-130 ) . Her lover for a brief clip, Homer, described himself as a adult male who can non be tied down and is ever on the move. This leaves Miss Emily in a awful place. As the narrative comes to a stopping point, Emily seems to turn out Homer wrong. Miss Emily toxicants hapless old Homer. After killing him she puts him in one of the upstairs sleeping rooms. When Miss Emily dies the townsfolk, who were dying to see what was in miss Emily # 8217 ; s house found a existent nice surprise when they went spying about in her house. They found the dead organic structure of hapless Homer prevarication on the bed in one of the sleeping rooms. The town ladies continue to demo sympathy towards Emily, although she neer hears of it verbally. She is good cognizant of the distant susurrations that begin when her presence is near. Some of the major lending factors to Emily # 8217 ; s behaviour are gossip and susurration. These may hold been the causes for her behaviour. The subject of Faulkner # 8217 ; s n arrative is simple. Miss Emily can non accept the fact that times are altering and society is turning and altering with the times. As times change, she isolates herself from the remainder of the town, utilizing her pantryman to run her errands so she does non hold to speak much. The scene of the narrative is really of import because it defines Miss Emily # 8217 ; s tight appreciation on the old southern ways and unchanging behaviour. Merely as the house seems to reject advancement and updating, so does Miss Emily, until both of them become disintegrating symbols of their death coevals. Through descriptions of the house and the resemblance of the descriptions of Miss Emily, # 8220 ; A Rose for Emily # 8221 ; emphasizes that beauty and elegance can go distorted through carelessness and a deficiency of love and fondness. As the house deteriorates for 40 old ages until it becomes ugly and unsympathetic, Miss Emily # 8217 ; s physical visual aspect and emotional wellbeing decays in t he same manner ( Faulkner 119-130 ) . The southern civilization in all of Faulkner # 8217 ; s works conveying out a comedic facet in the narratives, and the uninterrupted use of the same characters in assorted narratives allows for Faulkner to come in enlace his narratives to where they are all covering with the people of Yoknapatawpha County in the northern parts of Mississippi. # 8220 ; In Faulkner # 8217 ; s universe work forces and adult females are measured by the comprehensiveness of their compassion or the quality of their endurance. Although there are scoundrels, few entirely negative characters appear, and the Heroes be given to be larger than life # 8221 ; ( Mack 1796 ) .Bibliography Broods, Cleanth, and Robert Penn Warren. Understanding Fiction. New York: F.S. Crofts, 1943. Pages 409-414. Faulkner, William. Collected Stories of William Faulkner. New York: Random House, 1950. Mack, Mayrard. Ed. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. 6th Edition. Vol.2. New York: W.W. Norton + Company, Inc, 1992 Millgate, Michael. The Accomplishment of William Faulkner. New York: Random House, 1966. Minter, David. William Faulkner: His Life and Work. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1980. Volpe, Edmond L. A Reader # 8217 ; s Guide to William Faulkner. New York: Octagon Books, 1974.

How to Print an Array in PHP Using Print_r()

How to Print an Array in PHP Using Print_r() An array in PHP computer programming contains a group of similar objects that are the same type and size. The array can contain integers, characters, or anything else with a defined data type. The print_r PHP function is used to return an array in a human readable form. It is written as: print_r($your_array) In this example, an array is defined and printed. The tag pre indicates the following code is preformatted text. This tag causes the text to be displayed in a fixed-width font. It preserves line breaks and spaces, making it easier for the human observer to read. pre?php $Names array (a Angela, b Bradley, c array (Cade, Caleb)); print_r ($Names); ? /pre When the code is run, the results looks like this: Array([a] Angela[b] Bradley[c] Array([0] Cade[1] Caleb)) Variations of Print_r You can store the result of print_r in a variable with a second parameter to print_r. This technique prevents any output from the function. Augment the function of print_r with var_dump and var_export to show protected and private properties of the objects, including type and value. The difference of the two is that var_export returns valid PHP code, whereas var_dump does not. Uses for PHP PHP is a server-side language used to add enhanced features  to a website developed in HTML, such as surveys, shopping carts, login boxes, and CAPTCHA codes. You can use it to build an online community, integrate Facebook with your website, and generate PDF files. With PHPs file-handling functions, you can create photo galleries and you can use the GD library included with PHP to generate thumbnail images, add watermarks, and resize and crop images. If you host banner ads on your website, PHP rotates them at random.  The same feature can be used to rotate quotations. It is easy to set up page redirects using PHP and if you are wondering how often your visitors check out your website, use PHP to set up a counter.

If Only I Had Known

If Only I Had Known If Only I Had Known If Only I Had Known By Maeve Maddox Have you ever noticed how many websites offer lists of things their authors wish they had done differently in the past? The Workplace Tips I Wish Id Known From the Start Things I Wish Id Known Before We Got Married 67 Things I Wish I Had Known At 18 What I Wish Id Known Before Starting My Business Unfortunately, not all the bloggers who express their regrets and offer the fruit of their experience do it grammatically. For every one who writes, â€Å"I wish I had known,† another five write, â€Å"I wish I would have known† Oh, the things I wish I would have known then that I know now 30 things I wish I would have known about life Things I wish I would have known when I got started in software development Would does not belong in the subordinate clause of the lament. The verb wish is followed by the past perfect: I wish I had known then what I know now. A similar error occurs with the use of â€Å"if† clauses. If I Would Have Known Then What I Know Now- 29 Business Owners Speak Out Again, the would is unnecessary: If I Had Known Then What I Know Now. Because hindsight is universal, we all need to know how to wish things hadn’t happened, so while we’re at it, we may as well look at how to make wishes about the present and future. Use past tense to wish regarding the present: I don’t like this neighborhood. I wish I lived in Bellaire. My car is a wreck. I wish I had the money to buy a new one. My husband works all the time. I wish he were not so busy. Note: If I were is the older way of expressing a wish in the subjunctive mood. Like the use of whom, the subjunctive in English is dying out. I think most authorities see the take-over of if I was as inevitable, but some still feel it should not be used in formal written English. Use past tense modals would and could to wish regarding the future: I don’t like this neighborhood. I wish I could move to Bellaire. My car is a wreck. I wish I could buy a new one. My husband works all the time. I wish he would quit that job. And, as already mentioned, to wish the past had been different, use the past perfect: I wish I had majored in computer engineering instead of literature. Jack wishes he hadn’t run with a bad crowd in high school. We all wish we hadn’t eaten so much at the picnic. Happy wishing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowEnglish Grammar 101: Verb MoodNarrative, Plot, and Story

Residency Rights in the United Kingdom under European Union Law Essay

Residency Rights in the United Kingdom under European Union Law - Essay Example The courts should refrain from involving with Community law as long as there is no encroachment of the Community rights of the foreigner, See2. Double burden theory illustrates that there should be set rules that govern the free movement of persons. This theory asserts that regulation should only occur once and no double burden limiting the free movement of persons should be imposed, See3. In this case, Nero is a French man married to Manisha, lives in the UK, graduated in 2006 as a French Pharmacist and though having applied for 10 work positions in the UK has not gotten any interview. Orphelia is Manisha’s great grandmother in the Philippines and desires to come to live in the UK with Manisha but there is fears UK border controls.4 Community Law asserts that the free movement of individuals is one of its fundamental freedoms. This is an essential element of European citizenship and has been described as the most important right for individuals under the Community Law. With r eference to worker, this freedom of movement has existed since 1957 when the European Community was founded and is documented down.5 This encompasses the right to seek employment in EU member State and also the right to work in the different member state. Moreover, the article provides the right to reside and remain in a member State on the prospect of looking for employment or actually working in the country. In conjunction, the article provides that equal treatment with reference to working conditions and employment should be provided to the worker in an attempt to make their integration into the Host State successful. This stipulation has been interpreted and generated into the European Court of Justice which embedded the worker concept. This illustrates that Nero being from French which is a member of the EU qualifies as a worker and should thus be bequeathed the rights stipulated in this article as pertains to the free movement of persons.6 The legal foundation of the right to free movement is anchored in the European Union Treaty that creates a market which is internal and lacking barriers as pertains to the free movement of people.7 This is especially with particular reference to the endorsement of the right that every EU citizen has to move freely within the EU territory. However, despite this provision of free movement, it has encountered resistance and there are still aspects challenging the intra-European mobility that are still being perceived in the EU countries. With reference to this treaty, the only free provision of workers that is provided is with reference to workers in the steel and coal industry and not the general workforce.8 With reference to the case presented, Nero has acquired free movement provision since he resides in UK with his wife Manisha yet he is French. However, with reference to his profession (Pharmacist) it is not included in the provision of free movement of workforce and hence explaining the current challenges Nero is fa cing is search of employment. With reference to Article 18 described above, the advice to Nero is that though there is no restriction of free movement for him, there no provision yet as pertains to his profession since it is not included under coal and steel hence explaining the difficulties in getting an interview of 10 applications he has made.9 In particular 10 Article 18 provides prohibition of any discrimination as

The Representation of gender roles and marriage Research Paper

The Representation of gender roles and marriage - Research Paper Example For language, as well as being a vehicle for communication, is also power. The author and psychoanalyst Eva Hoffman, who left her native Poland to complete her education in Canada and the USA, and who now practices as a psychoanalyst in London, writes about the relationship between language and identity in her autobiography Lost in Translation: Life in a New Language: I was also delighted to be asked to speak at a conference marking the 60th anniversary of the host organization, Relate. My association with Relate goes back even further than that with the Commission, and I am a firm admirer of the contribution it makes nationally to trying to improve communication between women and men through its work with troubled marriages. Talk therapy does offer the chance of finding one's voice, discovering a new language in which difficult matters can be talked about, and repossessing one's identity. Relate may not have thought of itself as a language school, but it is in the business of offering interpretive services. In that, it shares an enterprise with the work of my own organization, the Tavistock Marital Studies Institute, which also celebrated an important occasion in 1998-its 50th anniversary. Both organizations are concerned with whether and how women and men talk to each other. Not far from where I live in Hertfordshire is the village of Ayot St Lawrence. One of this little village's claims to fame is that the playwright George Bernard Shaw used to live there. His best-known play is probably Pygmalion, a quintessentially English drama about the divisions of class and gender, and one made popular by the musical My Fair Lady. The plot revolves around a bet, made by a dialectician, Professor Henry Higgins, that he can train a market girl, Eliza Dolittle, to speak and act in ways that would allow her to be passed off as aristocracy. In trying to eliminate the linguistic indicators of class, Higgins becomes increasingly frustrated by the differences of gender that he encounters. One plaintive, immortalized line from the musical, pleads `Why can't a woman be more like a man?'. The boot today is on the other foot. When it comes to communication, the exasperated cry is now `Why can't a man be more like a woman?'. You hear it in the consulting rooms of counsellors a nd therapists, in research reports on family life, and in media discussions on gender relations. The questions now are `why do men stonewall?', `why can't they talk about their feelings?', `why are they so orientated towards activities?' In an age where companionability is the primary expectation of marriage and partnership, men tend to get the blame for not delivering. Their 'failure' to communicate is taken as a key reason why marriages break down. They are no longer needed to bring home the bacon, nor even to provide the socially accepted framework of marriage for conceiving and raising children, and women are asking themselves what they need men for. Men, on the other hand, are facing a decline in their market, social and biological value. As if to underline the point, sperm levels are falling in our increasingly oestrogen-ridden environment, and even male delivery systems have proved inferior (at least, in terms of efficiency) to those carried out in the hospital laboratory. Th e recent explosion of interest in the male potency drug, Viagra, tells its own story. Is this story just of `Boy's

Exclusionary Rule Essay Example for Free

Exclusionary Rule Essay Constitutional Law pertains to the account of fundamental laws of nation-states and other political associations. Thus, constitutions refer to the foundation and structure for government and could limit or characterize the power and system of political institutions to carry out new laws and policies (Chemerinsky, 2003). The constitution sets the boundaries of new laws, thus, the entire state is subjected to the constitution. The Fourteenth amendment of the United States which covers citizenship and civil rights is where the Fourth Amendment sprouted from. In recognition of equality among citizens discarding race, ethnicity and religion, the fourth amendment was made to protect the rights of the citizens and those are the right to due process and to privacy and security of his properties. This fourth amendment was created in 1914 was at the federal level and was only adapted by all states of America. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution (Search and Seizure) includes the Exclusionary Rule which protects citizens of the United States from illegal searches of their private properties (Sundberg). Any unwarranted intrusions made by the police force to the privacy of an individual are prohibited by law. For a search to be valid the warrant to search should be able to describe in detail the items to be searched, the location and facilities to be confiscated (Roberts, 2007). This lets the people enjoy their right to feel secure of their houses, documents, papers and other properties that are considered private. The rule also gives the citizen a right to due process as the police force cannot just confiscate and search them without the needed papers. Furthermore, this law also abides by the philosophy of deontology wherein the action is judged to be right or wrong if the root of the action itself is based upon the duty and obligation of a person (Darwall, 12). Thus, the means upon which evidence is acquired is more important than the value of the evidence gathered. Since this rule encompass criminal cases only, even if the police found a gun or any evidence that points out that the man who owns the property upon which the evidence was found is indeed the perpetrator, this evidence will be considered invalid in court and will not make any impact on the courts decision given that the police did not have the warrant to search the individuals property. In addition to that, a search that is made in areas that is not specified by the warrant is not allowed even if evidences are found within the parameters of the facility that was searched. The positive side of this law is that it protects the rights of every citizen against illegal searches by the police, thus securing their privacy. This also discourages illegal searches and bounds the police to their duty by following the law. However, the downside of this rule is that if evidence is found in illegally searched areas, even if it can very well summarize the outcome of the case will be put to waste for the simple reason that there was no warrant of arrest or it was not indicated in the warrant that such place is included in the search. The absence of that piece of paper means a lot in the proceedings, and such important evidences are discarded. For example, a weapon that is found in the car of a murderer with his finger print on it would still be useless in court since it was searched illegally. Which is more important then, the evidence or how the evidence was obtained? Perhaps for us to fully assess the situation it is a need for us to analyze a certain scenario. For the purpose of further understanding the gravity of the situation let us assume that a bomb explosion took place in a residential neighborhood rendering 10 people killed and 20 other wounded. Right after the explosion operatives responded in just 3 minutes given that the place is in close proximity to the police station. The initial assumption was for it to be a terroristic act. Since the neighborhood was closely knit almost everyone knew something about everybody. They denied that such ruthless murderer could be one of their residents but a policeman guided by his instinct was convinced that a prominent resident of the neighborhood did the bombing. The resident was bound to leave the place the day after but since it was a Sunday, the court was close and cannot issue a warrant plus the fact that they cannot link him to the bomb explosion. The policemen decided to search the house of the resident without the warrant and found evidence. Materials of making a bomb were found at his residence. They arrested him but after years the case was dismissed because of the exclusion rule. First and foremost, there was no warrant and second they filed motion to suppress the evidence. The law supports the defendants claim and sets him free. This issue is a philosophical debate of the deontological and consequentialist groups (Philip, 2002). Deontological perspective would argue that the fault was in the part of the officials since they did not do their duty. To act from duty is to do the right thing and it is more important that catching the perpetrator before he leaves the town. The obedience of duty is placed in higher value as the result of their act. Even if they found the evidence and arrested the man responsible for the bombing that killed 10 people, it is still not valid. They did not abide to their duty. â€Å"A human action is morally good if and only if it is done from duty† (Kant, 397–399). Consequential or Utilitarianism would say that the act of searching without a warrant is the right thing to do since they found who did the bombing. The measures upon which the police undertook to get to the perpetrator is not important as long as the greater good for the most number of people was realized, and that is justice. It does not matter if there is no warrant and the police invaded the house of a private citizen as long as the truth was discovered and the person responsible was caught. The evidence was clear, therefore is compensates for the policeman’s inability to adhere to the Fourth Amendment. Both philosophies have their reasons that are enough to justify their claims, but I believe that we should keep the Fourth Amendment as it is. It is in our law that we should respect the privacy and rights of a citizen. In the scenario above the policemen caught the perpetrator because they found evidence in his household. The search was illegal but either way, they got what they were looking for. However, what if they saw nothing, would it not be invasion of privacy on grounds as weak as instinct? Then the basic right to privacy and security of the citizen would have been violated. There is no need to change the exclusionary rule, policemen should abide by their duty and help to protect the rights of the people. We cannot compromise the basic rights of an individual for public safety. Though it is the duty of the police to go after the perpetrator and give justice to the crimes he has committed, he also has rights whether he is a citizen of the United States or not. According to the fourth amendment the exclusionary rule covers even illegal aliens. We cannot strip a person with his rights even if the need arises for the simple reason that it is adherence to our duty that defines who we are. If the exclusionary rule is to be abolished then, warrantless arrests and rampant would be more prevalent in our nation. Even now that the rule takes effect there are still violations. Rampant searches especially to our brothers with colors are evident in our nation. Wire tapping is also an issue about the security of communication lines especially for public officials. The Bush administration wanted to allow the use of evidences that were illegally seized by the police given that it was in good faith and is useful in finding the person who is responsible for the crime. Plus they want to allow federal agents to arrest persons without a warrant of arrest regardless of nationality as long as it is done with the most honest intentions. Sure this can solves some crimes such as the scenario given above, but I want to point out that this only allows further suppression of a persons liberty. When the use of illegally searched evidences is allowed in court, this would only encourage the policeman to search anyone and any house or establishment that they want to search and if they find nothing, the person concerned can’t go after the policemen and ask for damages. They will be protected by law to barge into the homes of countless citizens and invade their privacy. If we take action just because we believe that it is for the best even if it is not in our duty, we have no guarantee that that action can be fruitful. It can’t be denied that there is a need to reduce crime in our nation and solve those that are still looking for justice, but giving justice for the price of a person’s liberty is a cost that’s too high for a nation who values autonomy of its citizens. The exclusionary rule has set standards for our policemen for them to abide too such that their level of professionalism and adherence to their duty is further raised higher. They are bounded by law to protect the citizens of this nation and they should do so while safeguarding the basic rights of every individual. Thus, there is a need for the exclusionary rule to uphold the liberty of this nation. Reference http://www.robertslaw.org/4thamend.htm

Life Is But A Choice Essays -- essays research papers

Life Is But A Choice Beginning with the time of birth until the time of death, people have to make choices everyday on how to achieve the goals in their lives. One can imagine life as a long winding road with millions of other roads branching off in many directions. The only problem is that life is too short to explore every single road. In addition, the essence of time will not allow anyone to go back to a road that was passed. Everyone must choose his/her own roads through life regardless of what other people might think. Robert Frost wrote in The Road Not Taken, " I took the one less traveled by And that has made all the difference "(Frost 423). By managing ones time efficiently and making clear rational choices, one can achieve a healthy mind, body and spirit. One important choice in life is having a healthy mind. The key to achieving a healthy mind is to be open minded. Since the day we are born, we are bombarded with information from television, radios, books, magazines, and what we observe personally. The world is filled with a vast amount of information and each individual is responsible for obtaining, understanding, and making value judgments on this information. One must understand the world around him before he can understand himself. Making the choice of obtaining a college education is extremely important in the world today. There are so many different areas which ro choose. Each individual must find w...

Compare and contrast any two love poems you have read, discussing their themes, their use of language and their appeal to an audience

The aims of this essay are to look at two love poems by two different authors and to show how they are similar and in what ways different. The two poems I will be looking at are â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† by Christopher Marlowe and â€Å"The Bait† by John Donne. The first by Marlowe for the most part, seems to deal with the joy of new-found love and seems to dwell on the positive aspects of romance and passion. The second poem by Donne by contrast is less romantic in tone than Marlowe's poem. Here Donne talks about sex, seduction and sadness; often using very suggestive images and challenging the idealised view of love. Marlowe's poem is set in a pastoral setting and the word ‘shepherd' in the title is an image and this word itself tells us it is in a pastoral setting. In the first stanza of Marlowe's poem it says in the first two opening lines: â€Å"Come live with me and be my love And we will all the pleasures prove† He, the narrator tries to persuade his mistress by being very forthright and by being very bold, telling her what he is going to give her. However, in Donne's poem, which is parody of Marlowe's, Donne has the same two opening lines but the last two of the first stanza are very different. â€Å"†¦Of golden sands, and crystal brooks With silken lines, and silver hooks.† The difference here is that Donne says that we will go to the countryside but instead of looking at valleys, mountains and hills which is what Marlowe says, he and his mistress will have a lot of fun. In Marlowe's poem he says, â€Å"And I will make thee beds of roes And a thousand fragrant poises, A cap of flowers, and a kirtle Embroided all with the leaves of myrtle;† What Marlowe means is that, not only will he take her into the countryside but he will dress her like the country side meaning flowers. But Donne says, â€Å"There will the river whispering run Warm'd by thy eyes, more than the sun; And there th'enamour'd fish will stay, Begging themselves they may betray† Donne is trying to say that she will get in the water and her eyes alone will warm the water more than the sun, which is an example of hyperbole. He says that when she does get in the water and baith, the fish will nibble. This creates a raunchier image, also it brings in the element of physical contact. In the next stanza Marlowe then says, â€Å"A gown made of finest wool Which from our pretty lambs we pull† This suggests that not only will he protect her but also he will provide her with wealth in an attempt to influence her decision. In Donne's the approach is different. In the fourth stanza Donne says, â€Å"If thou, to be seen be'st loth, By sun or moon, thou darken'st both† Donne's message, which he is trying to put across, is that the sun and moon are bright, but you are brighter. As you can see Marlowe's way of wooing her is very different to Donne's way. Marlowe has a flattering approach whereas Donne makes his point very clear in the start of the poem, which is come to bed with me. Marlowe ends his poem with a very interesting stanza. In the first two lines of this stanza he says, â€Å"The shepherd's swains shall dance and sing For thy delight each may morning† Hw is trying to say to her that he will get all his friends to dance for her and that if all these things do matter to her, she should come and live with him: â€Å"If these delights thy mind may move, Then live with me and be my love.† But when Donne ends his poem, he says, â€Å"For thee, thou need'st no such deceit For though thyself art thine own bait† He says that you are not just able to catch the fish but you are also able to catch the fish but you are also able to attract them referring to her beauty. To end the poem Donne says, Donne says, â€Å"That fish, that is not catch'd thereby Alas, is wiser far than I.† What Donne is trying to say is that any fish that is not caught by her beauty, is cleverer than him. From this it is clear that he is love sick. It is very clear that Marlowe's approach is innocent and evokes idyllic images. Donne is much more down to earth and realistic using words like â€Å"coarse† and â€Å"bold† and â€Å"slimy†. His poem is therefore more sensuous, suggestive. Marlowe employs language, which maintains the sense of innocent beauty. He uses words like â€Å"pretty†, â€Å"purest†, â€Å"fragrant†, and â€Å"finest†. The rhyme scheme in both poems is very strong to make a good argument because in their own ways they are both out to woo the woman and also to show their passion and determination. Also in Donne's poem he is very precise and thorough about what he says, getting to the point very quickly. Donne uses the same rhyme scheme as Marlowe but to different affect. This is underpinned by his use of words that would not normally be associated with love poems such as â€Å"treacherously†, â€Å"traitors†, â€Å"strangling† and â€Å"deceit†. We have analysed two very different poems yet we have demonstrated that there exist many points of contact. Ultimately, the poems are both about love and this theme blinds them most closely. No two love poems are alike, but this only serves to illustrate the many-faceted nature of love itself.

Eleanor Rigby Literary Analysis Essay

In the song â€Å"Eleanor Rigby† by The Beatles, there is a lonely, sad woman who dies and is readily forgotten as she has nobody to care about her. How many people do we see out on the street that will just become â€Å"another dead body?† Eleanor Rigby really puts this into perspective that there are lonely people in this world living their lives serving others without being acknowledged. Eleanor is waiting for someone, but she is scarred in her heart by her lonely life. Sadly enough, she is an afterthought even in her death, as Father McKenzie writes her sermon in his socks, late at night. The theme of the song is that keeping the up the illusion isn’t always worth it. The literary devices demonstrating this theme are allegory, repetition, and imagery. An allegory is symbolic narrative details that can sometimes imply another meaning. There are many examples of this in the song. In the line, â€Å"Eleanor Rigby picks up the rice in the church where a wedding has been. Lives in a dream,† The Beatles display a good example of allegory. The church in the song is very symbolic for life and death for many reasons. There is a mention of a wedding in this line and in some cultures a wedding is known as the celebration of life, however in the end Eleanor Rigby dies, thus being the opposite of life, instead she represents death. This allegory relates to the theme because it shows that Eleanor Rigby lives her life working in a church, attending weddings and working to bring life and happiness to others. She is living what everybody else considers the dream, but in reality she is a sad, lonely person. She keeps up the illusion of being happy and everyone believes her, however in the end she dies unremembered. Another representation of the theme is repetition. In the lines, â€Å"All the lonely people, where do they all come from? All the lonely people, where do they all belong? Ah, look at all the lonely people. Ah, look at all the lonely people† The Beatles use the repetition of â€Å"lonely† to drive in the main message of the song. Saying that Eleanor Rigby is living the dream can be deceiving to listeners but by the repetition of â€Å"lonely† they make it clear that underneath the faà §ade of grandeur, there is a bleak undertone. This is a fantastic example of use of repetition to convey the theme because The Beatles make the whole song an illusion except for the chorus in which â€Å"lonely† is continuously repeated and in the end Eleanor Rigby dies, proving without a doubt that the illusion wasn’t worth it. One of the most prominent literary devices in the poem is imagery. The Imagery  is used to show exactly how much of an illusion Eleanor is living. In the line, â€Å"Waits at the window, wearing the face that she keeps in a jar by the door† It is very easy to imagine somebody literally keeping a head or face in some type of liquid in a jar to be put on when necessary. This line is actually not meant to be taken quite so literally. This face in the jar is probably the face that she puts on to look beautiful, the jar being the makeup jar from which the face comes. She disguises her sadness and her longing with the face by her window. She doesn’t literally put on a mask or someone else’s face, but she puts on a face to fit society. This example of imagery fits the theme because Eleanor Rigby wears face so that no one can see the loneliness and emptiness that she feels. It is a false impression that she is giving to everyone that she sees, it is nothing but an illusion. As Eleanor Rigby dies at the end of the song, it is clear that the illusion of happiness wasn’t worth keeping since nobody even remembered her. The very apparent theme in the song is loneliness. Eleanor Rigby was very lonely although she never let on and thinking she was well off and happy, nobody else ever thought to pity her or pay her attention. In the song, Father McKenzie wipes the dirt from burying Eleanor off of his hands. Wiping the dirt from your hands is a phrase often used to illustrate that you are going to get rid of something and forget about it. It is clear that the minister just wants to forget about Eleanor and take care of his own problems, thinking she lived a good life, he is impartial. Through the use of allegory, repetition, and imagery The Beatles paint a mesmerizing tale of the false life a woman lives to keep up the illusion of happiness, all for naught.

Mobile Phone and Koya Walker Creative Essay

Mobile Phone and Koya Walker Creative Essay Mobile Phone and Koya Walker Creative Essay Koya Walker Creative Writing period 2 January 4,2013 Addicted or NOT Addicted!!! Cell Phones! Cell Phones are a popular device used in this time and age.They have become a large use in technology, that is now so advanced that you can really ignore and put no use to other technology in the world. Cellphones are now being excessively used by mostly teens.Teens use their phone several times every minute and second. Some have become addicted some have not. Which one are you? Am I ADDICTED? I would have to say no I am not. I will admit that my phone is a major part of my everyday life but once again I am not addicted to my cell phone. I can go a whole day without having to have any interactions with my phone. The only time I react with my phone on account of myself is if I am extremely bored and have nothing to do. If this occurs I see myself getting on Instagram and Facebook for a good amount of time. If my phone doesn't ring , I don't have a text message from someone or If I dont text or call anyone my phone is not in my hand. Another major aspect in my life that convinces me that I am not addicted to my phone is the fact that I am very active and involved in many activities. Being involved in these things gives me no time to actually sit down and be on the phone, on top of that school is no help either. Why? I would have to say because although it is my SENIOR year AP English is a kicker we recieve homework everyday and it is not just a little bit it m ay take me a hour to an hour n a half to complete it. The only two days I have to

10 Facts About Spanish Adjectives

10 Facts About Spanish Adjectives Here are 10 facts about Spanish adjectives that will be useful to know as you pursue your language studies: 1. Adjective Is Part of Speech An adjective is a part of speech that is used to modify, describe, limit, qualify or otherwise affect the meaning of a noun, pronoun or a phrase functioning as a noun. The words we most often think of as adjectives are descriptive words - words such as verde (green), feliz (happy), fuerte (strong) and impaciente (impatient). 2. Adjectives Have Gender Adjectives in Spanish have gender, and a masculine adjective must be used with a masculine noun, a feminine adjective with a feminine noun following the principle of noun-adjective agreement. Some adjectives change in form with gender, while others dont. Generally, a masculine adjective that ends in -o or -os (in the plural) can become feminine by changing the ending to -a or -as. But singular nouns that dont end in -o generally dont change form to become feminine. 3. Adjectives Have Number Adjectives in Spanish also have number, meaning they can be singular or plural. Again, following the principle of noun-adjective agreement, a singular adjective is used with a singular noun, a plural adjective with a plural noun. Singular adjectives become plural by adding an -s or -es suffix. 4. Some Are Invariable A very few adjectives are invariable, meaning they dont change form among plural and singular, masculine and feminine. Traditionally, the most common invariable adjectives are macho (male) and hembra (female), as can be seen in the sentence Los animales macho en general proporcionan muchos menos atenciones parentales que las animales hembra (Male animals in general provide much less parental attention than the female animals do), although youll also see these words pluralized sometimes as well. Rarely, and then most often in journalese or phrases that have been imported from English, a noun can function as an invariable adjective, as web in the phrase sitios web (websites). Such cases of nouns as adjectives are the exception rather than the rule, and Spanish students should not freely use nouns as adjectives as can be done in English. 5. Placement Can Matter The default location for descriptive adjectives is after the noun they refer to. When the adjective is placed before the noun, it typically gives an emotional or subjective quality to the adjective. For example, la mujer pobre is likely to refer to a woman who has little money, while la pobre mujer is likely to suggest that the speaker feels sorry for the woman, even though both could be translated as the poor woman. 6. Adjectives Can Become Nouns Most descriptive adjectives can be used as nouns, often by preceding them with a definite article. For example, los felices could mean the happy people, and los verdes could mean the green ones. 7. Suffixes Can Be Used The meaning of some adjectives can be modified by using diminutive or augmentative suffixes. For example, while un coche viejo is simply an old car, un coche viejecito might refer to a quaint car or an older car that someone likes. 8. Verb Use Can Affect Meaning In sentences of the type noun is adjective, the adjective might be translated differently depending on whether the verb ser or estar is used. For example, es seguro often means it is safe, while est seguro usually means he or she is certain. 9. No Superlative Forms Spanish doesnt use suffixes such as -er or -est to indicate superlatives. Instead, the adverb is used. Thus, the bluest lake or the bluer lake is el lago ms azul. 10. Some Are Apocopated A few adjectives are shortened when they appear before singular nouns in a process known as apocopation. One of the most common is grande, which is shortened to gran, as in un gran ejà ©rcito for a great army.

Concept Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Concept Analysis - Assignment Example This article is geared towards analyzing the nursing concept of â€Å"patient centered care. In this case, the article will focus on explaining various items that pertains to this concept o as to put it in better perspectives for easier applicability. When analyzing this concept, the article will lay more emphasis on various nursing theories on which this concept is enshrined. These theories include the normative decision theory, need theory, interactive theory and humanistic theory. The aim of this concept analysis is to relate the nursing concept of patient centered care with various theories of nursing. This is important because the students and researchers will be able to get important information relating to various needs that patients have. Further, the article is important as it describes the significance of prioritizing the patients in all decisions made in a health care system. The first definition of Patient-Centered Care was given by Kinyua (2013) as the one takes place when the nurse and the entire health care sector recognizes the patient as the source of control and decision making and full partner in providing coordinated and compassionate care based on respect and honor for the patient’s needs, preferences, and value. In this case, the author declared that the most important step in establishing a patient-centered care is by engaging the patient body in making important decisions. In this case, policies that are adopted by the management should be the one that are geared toward enabling a better environment for medical and nursing care provision. Further, Kinyua (2013) argues that the concept of Patient-Centered Care has been ignored for a very long time because of the capitalist nature of our societies. In this case, many nursing facilities are more concerned with making more money in the expense of providing quality healthcare services. to reverse this and to be more

FedEx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

FedEx - Essay Example For the first time, FedEx obtained governmental permission to carry documents, packages and freight to multiple Asian destinations on a regular schedule including: Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. As economies across Asia Pacific began to grow and prosper, FedEx's shipment volumes and its presence in the marketplace began to expand as well. Recognizing a need for the company to be closer to Asian customers, FedEx moved its Pacific headquarters from Hawaii to Hong Kong in 1992. At present, FedEx dominated in more than 30 countries and territories in the Asia Pacific market with more than 10,000 employees. Operating its own wide-bodied MD-11 and A310 aircraft, FedEx makes over 400 flights per week to Bangkok, Beijing, Cebu, Ho Chi Minh, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kaohsiung, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Osaka, Penang, Seoul, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Singapore, Subic Bay, Sydney, Taipei, and Tokyo, as well as destinations in the U.S. and Europe (FedEx History in APAC, 2007 ). With more than 20 employees under its wing, FedEx Hong Kong is undergoing major changes to further improve its services as more and more customers are availing of their services in Hong Kong. In 1 December 2006, FedEx decided to move the Sung Wong Toi Station to 6/F, Unit 2-3, Global Gateway, 168 Yeung Uk Road, Tsuen Wan. At the same time, they decided to change and extend their office hours to 08:30 - 17: 30, instead of 09:00 - 18:00. This is to prevent their employees of getting caught in Hong Kong's heavy traffic jam. 2. Managing Change Chartier's Model 2.1 Disturbance Fed Ex Hong Kong has to manage 3 World Service Centres, 8 FedEx stations and 9 drop boxes. With 26 employees working, FedEx Hong Kong has to consistently maintain its reliable express delivery guarantee. The horrendous traffic in their new location prompted its management to switch their regular operating hours

Assignment question Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment question - Research Paper Example A hungry man can tell which one of the two is important: ecosystem or food. To meet this hunger, forest conversion becomes more important than forest conservation. Poor do not have the resources and materials to make the preservation possible. They have to cut down forests to make the land grow something that should be beneficial for them and their nation. For countries where hunger is prevailing, forests have no market value or economic function. Thus, to richer developed countries, it may be important to preserve ecosystems for carbon sinks and biodiversity because they can afford it; but, poorer countries have to do something to feed the nation first. United States went through deforestation many years back due to which it is a developed country now. It would not be fair to deny the poorer countries this opportunity. Agriculture development is the basic requirement of a country if it has to come at par with the modern world. However, to balance out the agricultural security ecosys tem preservation, there is need to devise strategic policies at national level.

Integrating basic skills Essay Example for Free

Integrating basic skills Essay Graphing and Social Studies The Rationale Graphing skills are in important tool for participating in adult society. As such, they should be emphasized and integrated into the curriculum. Including a graphing exercise as part of a larger social studies unit is a good way to reinforce math and interpretive skills. A graphing exercise gives the student an opportunity to demonstrate what has been learned in a creative way. Reproducing the information in graphical form also helps the students to see the big picture. It helps them see how different elements relate, and it provides a visual representation of the information that can be more easily remembered. As adults, the students will find that graphs are not solely a mathematical element. Graphs are a way we communicate concepts as well as data. Early integration of this skill into a child’s education can only be beneficial. The Exercise Software and internet sites to assist graphing activities are plentiful. For this exercise, the Create a Graph website (http://nces. ed. gov/nces/kids/graphing/) sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics will be used. The students have been studying the Plymouth Plantation. This lesson points out that the Pilgrims attained a new sense of freedom, but it was not without hardship. The graphing exercise is designed to reinforce this concept. Before the exercise begins the teacher will run through a brief graphing tutorial. To begin, the students will each receive one of three different assignment sheets. They will later be divided into groups based on which assignment they receive. The students in group one will receive a handout summarizing the information obtained in the part of the lesson called â€Å"Step 2. † Their task will be to construct a graph at the Create a Graph website comparing the speeds of various forms of transportation, present and past, including the Mayflower. A bar chart will be suggested. The students may discuss the project as a group, but each student must complete a chart. The second group will receive a handout summarizing the climatic data obtained in â€Å"Step 3. † They will construct a chart showing the average temperature highs and lows for each month of the year. An area chart will be suggested. The third group will receive a handout describing population levels of colonists and natives in the area in the years 1620-1640. They will be asked to construct charts showing the population distribution (men, women, Native Americans) in the years 1620 and 1640. Pie charts will be suggested. Copies of each graph will be printed for each student in the group. Fonts, colors and labels will be at the discretion of the students, but the students will be asked to keep in mind that their chart must explain the data clearly to someone who might not already be familiar with it. After everyone has completed a chart they will return to groups to discuss their results. The graphs in each group will not be identical, but they should be similar. Each group will then be asked an interpretive question: â€Å"What is your graph telling us? † The answer should be one written sentence. The idea is to present a very concise summary of the information, i. e. The population difference between men and women shrunk between 1620 and 1640. The teacher will choose one or two members of each croup to present their graph, describe the process of making it, and describe the meaning. To reinforce the experience, the students will be asked, as a class a series of follow up questions including the following: Could we have used different types of graphs to present the data? Why or why not? Why do we use graphs? What do the graphs tell you about life on Plymouth? The graphing exercise will help students visualize the data. They can then draw their own conclusions about what the data means. They will gain exposure to the different types of graphs and when it is appropriate to use each. It is also another chance to integrate interactive technology into the students learning experience. The group format will allow students to exchange ideas and develop for themselves a more creative learning experience. As with any group exercise, the job of the teacher is to facilitate interaction and full participation of the students. Sources Bergen County Intermediate School District. (2006). Technology Curriculum Integration Ideas! Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. remc11. k12. mi. us/bcisd/classres/intideas. htm Brooks, Susan Byles, Bill. (2006). Idea Starters for using Technology in the Classroom. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. internet4classrooms. com/integ_tech_lessons. htm Evans, Janet. (2005). Literacy Moves On: Popular Culture, New Technologies, and Critical Literacy in the Elementary Classroom. New York: Heinemann. Howell, Will C. (1987). Grid and graph it: graphing activities for listening and following directions, grades 4-6. Belmont, Calif. : Fearon Teacher Aids. National Center for Education Statistics. (2006). Students Classroom: Create a Graph. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://nces. ed. gov/nces/kids/graphing/ Starr, Linda. (2003). Technology Integration Ideas that Work. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. education-world. com/a_tech/tech/tech176. shtml Ventura, Fred. (2006). Graphing and Computers in Grades 3-5. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www,venturaes. com/graphing/.

War in Iraq :: war, Iraq, USA,

1. There was very little evidence and the United States acted prematurely. The evidence itself is confusing and somewhat misleading. As we look on the invasion many Americans were very enthusiastic about going to war with Iraq. However, we’re not trying to think about why we were not there or trying to justify other than speculate the following reasons. Did Iraq have weapons of mass destruction or was the United States to find about their military power? Possibly, the United States was trying to eliminate Saddam and his regime to promote democracy and peace. I think because of the 9/11 tragedy and maybe control of the oil resources gave the United States a reason to act like they did. 2. The approval rate of other countries is justified because no one likes a bully! And frankly the United States has been fitting this description all too well by showing countries that if you mess the United States your messing with the bull. President Bush proved this by making a 48 hour notice and invading Iraq exactly on the 48 hour mark. This shows other countries that the United States means business. If I could I would love to live in another country such as Australia. I believe that my view of American politics would drastically change! Maybe for the better because I would not be under the hammer so to speak. Indirectly, if American politics did not include the country I was living in. I would not take the time to care. 3. I have two opinions of this one Britain being an ally it should be there good pleasure to help in any way to fight the war in Iraq. Because the United States I feel would have done the same for Britain. That is just good relations between allied countries. If Britain did not help the United States they probably would not consider Britain to be a good ally to keep relations going like they have. My second opinion is that Britain should have not got involved with the United States against Iraq. For the simple fact, a big majority of Muslims lives there. Thereby making a terrorist attack more eminent. Britain should have negotiated a term to help the United States only in a real emergency.

A Synopsis of the Documentary Live Nude Girls Unite Essay

Live Nude Girls Unite The film â€Å"Live Nude Girls Unite† is a documentary recorded by the exotic dancers themselves that takes their audience on their journey as they try to unionize their jobs. The dancers were fed up with the treatment and minimal pay they were receiving for their performances. They were not assigned a lawyer but had a negotiator that helped them with their bargaining agreement. These exotic dancers were not disrespected by their costumer’s but also by their employees. Dancers were not allowed sick days and sometimes lost their jobs because of their inability to find another look-a-like dancer to fill their slot. I think the unionization of the sex workers was a viable idea. These dancers deserve the same benefits many other employees receive such as sick pay, health insurance, and respect from their management. Because sex workers are usually stereotyped as sluts, society believes their work should not include benefits. Since they had many people against their request to form a union, it took them many months of negotiating to receive minimal benefits, but it was the start of a new revolution for other sex workers across the country. As word began to spread about the newly formed union in San Francisco, the formation of unions began to spread all over. Numerous exotic dancers now receive benefits through their employers and are getting the fair treatment they deserve. They are protected from unlawful dismal from their jobs and racial discrimination when it comes to who works certain shifts. If the sex workers had no taken a stance to improve their working system many would still be treated unfair.

Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy Essay

Description: Preferred language style: English (U.S.). Each student will complete a 15–20 page paper in which they will discuss current issues facing adolescents today and how a counselor should deal with these areas. The paper must be in APA style with a minimum of 15 current references (within five years). This paper is to be 15-20 pages in length, and that means the body of the paper itself -not the title page, abstract, etc†¦The topic is Adolescent Sexuality: PREVENTION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY. Adolescent Sexuality: PREVENTION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY Name: School: University: Adolescent Sexuality: Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy Abstract: One of the commonest problems faced by teens in the several nations, has been the issue of teenage pregnancy. Although, the rates of teenage pregnancy are decreasing, there are still several problems associated with the issue. As teenage pregnancy can be a huge social issue and most of them do not want a child, such pregnancies can create a negative impact on the quality of life of the teenage couple. The rise in teenage pregnancy has been due to several issues including faster onset of maturity, greater occasions of premarital sex, etc. Besides, teenage pregnancy is usually not preferred due to several issues such as greater rates of defects in the developing child, greater amount of maternal problems, social concerns, difficulties of the mother in bringing up the child, etc. In all cases, efforts should be made to support the pregnant teenage girl rather than ignore her. A teenage pregnancy prevention program should look into several areas that encompass teenagers including career development, education, STD’s, contraception, counseling, drug abuse, women’s health, etc. It should involve several parties including the parents, politicians, social workers, child and women groups, NGO’s, etc. The two techniques that are utilized frequently include abstinence and contraception. Studies have shown that school-based prevention program were successful in decreasing the rates of pregnancy amongst teens. Efforts should be on to include the entire society in the teenage pregnancy prevention program. There are several factors that may cause the teenager to indulge in irresponsible sexual behavior including social factors, psychological factors, family factors, etc. The counselors should always try to include the parents, family and the entire society in the prevention programs. If abstinence-based programs seem to be difficult, then the contraception-based programs may seem to be effective. The counselor may have to follow a holistic approach in solving the problems of the teens. The counselor should determine the characteristics of the teens and accordingly use these characteristics to motivate them further. Teens whose academic performance is superior may seem to gain more from pregnancy prevention programs. The teenage pregnancy program should also look at various issues that surround teenagers including STD’s, contraceptives, drug abuse, careers, higher education, etc. It is also important that the teenage pregnancy prevention program helps pregnancy teenage girls to quality life without any problems. They should be taught how to handle the social and family pressure that may develop resulting from unwanted pregnancy. It is important that the teenage program involve the teenagers. The US HHS and the CDC have shown a lot of interest in the teenage pregnancy programs in recent years. In developing nations, the rates of teen pregnancy are on the rise. On the other hand, in the developed nations such as the US and Canada, the rates of teenage pregnancies are decreasing due to greater awareness levels. In the US, about 97 per every 1000 teenage girls (usually between the ages of 15 to 19 years) get pregnant each year. Most of these pregnancies (about three-quarters) are usually not wanted. During the years 1999-2000, the rates of teenage pregnancies have dropped. The rates of teenage pregnancies are about 28 %, and the rate of teenage childbirths is about 21 %. There may be several reasons for teenage pregnancies (Weiss, 2000 & Huberman, 2005). These include: – 1. Girls are maturing faster, now between the ages of 12 to 13 years. 2. Teenage sex is very common. Before the girl reaches adulthood in the US, about 80 % of them would have had sex. 3. Teenagers are less likely to take precautions in order to prevent pregnancy. 4. Teenagers are not aware of the reproductive problems that can develop during the pregnancy period (Weiss, 2000). Teenage pregnancy can have serious consequences and implications (Weiss, 2000). These include: – 1. Several problems such as miscarriage, neonatal death, stillborn baby, maternal sickness, etc are higher in teenage girls than in pregnant women. 2. Children born from teenage girls have several problems including developmental problems, congential defects, low birth weight, neglect, child abuse, etc. 3. Socially, teenage pregnancy is not accepted. 4. The teenage mother is more likely not to take care of the child. She is more likely to smoke, consume excessive alcohol, subject the baby to abuse, etc. 5. The government has to spend a huge amount to solve the problems related to teenage pregnancies. These include public health problems, housing, assistance, childcare, legal issues (Weiss, 2000). Teenage pregnancy prevention programs should have a specific objectives and goals. Studies have shown that from previous teenage pregnancies that the Socio-economic life, standard of living, etc, would be very poor following teenage pregnancy. As it is one of the major public health concerns, the politicians should take up the issue on a priority basis. It is important that the teenage parents be supported rather than being ignored. The main goals of any teenage pregnancy program are to: – 1. To bring down the teenage pregnancy rates by at least 50 % by the year 2010 (this is an objective of the Healthy People 2010). 2. To include the teenagers themselves in the program so that the initiatives made come from this group of the population itself. Teenagers should be educated, trained and employed in the teenage welfare programs. Special emphasis should be made on focusing on the teenage pregnancy prevention. 3. The teenage pregnancy prevention programs should also focus on other areas including drug abuse, gynecological issues, career development, counseling, etc. This would ensure that all-round the teenager is given attention. 4. Voluntary services should be oriented towards understanding teenage behavior and changing them in order to bring about better attitudes and practices. 5. Several stakeholders including the politicians, government, judiciary, social welfare groups, public, women’s groups, etc, should be involved in these programs. 6. Efforts should be organized at the national, regional and the local levels in order to help teenagers to develop appropriate attitudes and behaviors towards teenage pregnancies. 7. Adoption of better prevention techniques such as sex education, contraception, avoiding the risk factors, etc. 8. Supporting the teenagers and their parents so as to help them develop a good future. Also, to ensure that the teenagers get appropriate help in problematic situations. 9. Ensuring that the pregnant teen mother is given special attention during the pregnancy period. This would ensure that both the mother and the developing child is healthy and is able to get appropriate medical attention. Many may think that in a teenage pregnancy prevention program, the issues relating to the pregnancy period need not be considered. However, this should be an area of focus, as it would help to prevent further problems (Blank, 2003). The Government has begun to include teenage pregnancy prevention programs as one of the priority areas for the social cause. Initially, the government had a lot of problems associated with these programs. However, following a few initial hiccups, these programs have turned out to benefit the teenagers and their families in developing a fruitful life. One of the programs meant for teenage pregnancy prevention program is the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006 or SHPPS 2006. It is basically performed to study the various health programs and policies conduced at the classroom level. in the year 2000, about 45 % of the states belonging to various middle schools taught about pregnancy prevention, and in the year 2006 it increased to about 59%. With relation to high schools, this figure similar. The number of hours spent teaching on pregnancy prevention also varied in high, middle and elementary schools. In high schools it was 3.5 hours, 2.7 in middle schools and 1.3 in elementary schools. In high schools, 2.0 teachers were required to teach about pregnancy prevention in the year 2000, which increased to 2.6 in the year 2006. About 38 % of the districts and about 20 % of the states provided about pregnancy prevention services. These services were either provided on a one to one basis or on a group basis. About 28.4 % of the district authority provided for services on the local property rather than on the schools property. About 97 % of the schools provided for pregnancy prevention. About 28.7 % of the schools provided for pregnancy prevention programs through arrangement from outside organizations. The number of staff members who received training also varied. About 30.6 % of the staff had training on pregnancy prevention, 17 % had training on prenatal care and 14 % had training in childcare, 2 years before the program started. 20 % of the psychiatric service staff had training in pregnancy prevention and 13 % had training in child care (SHPPS, 2006). Currently, there are several issues, which could be responsible for promoting teenage pregnancy prevention. Many of the teenage prevention programs may not be successful, as they do not involve the society as a whole. The program strategy may be such that it lacks some amount of reality leading to a failure. Hence, the social blanket needed for the program to be a success should be greater. Furstenberg considers that the conflict present on sexuality needs to be resolved especially the cultural and the political tendencies. As the attitudes and behavior of the society towards teenage pregnancies has not been corrected so far, it may be difficult to control teenage pregnancy. Hence, methods adopted to prevent pregnancy can be adopted. The intervening variables include: – 1. Controlling age of entry to the sexual unions – There has been a dramatic increase in the number of teenagers who have sex before the marriage. In the 1950’s and the 1960’s, this figure was about 10 %, and in the 1970’s and the 1980’s this figure was 20 %. There could be many causes for this including peer pressures, lack of pressure from the home, trend in dating, etc. There has been also a rise in the cases of venereal diseases affecting the teenage population. Many a times, the teenage population is not exposed to family or parental discussions on sex and childbearing. This has created even greater number of problems. Family discussions usually create healthy practices and attitudes. Studies conducted in schools on teenage boys and girls demonstrated that family teaching had a great role. When family opposition was present without any kind of support or understanding, the teenagers indulged in sexual activity. One important fact to note was that it was not always true when there was an increase in the teenage sexual activity, there would be an increase in the teenage pregnancy rates. In the year 1979, there was an increase by about 50 % in the rates of sex in teenage girls. However, there was also a rise in 50 % in the contraceptive use. Studies have shown that use of contraceptives always did not help to prevent pregnancy, and hence something more was required (Kohli, 2007). 2. Contraception use – Studies conducted in the US and the Western European region demonstrated that even though the teenage sexual activity rates were similar in both the regions, the rate of teenage pregnancy rates were higher in the US compared to the Western European region. One of the main reasons as to why teenage girls become pregnant is that they do not stress upon the need to use a contraceptive. Some teenagers feel that they are not sexually active and feel that they would not need a contraceptive. Teenagers would also not like to make long-term decisions about their life. They may behave in an immature and irresponsible way due to their young age. Teenagers may always feel shy of purchasing a contraceptive. They may also not consider the risk of getting pregnant as real and may not use their knowledge to help prevent the pregnancy. Many girls fear that they would be losing a boy friend due to rejection if they did not have sex with him. This type of fear has lead to several problems. In true fact, it has been seen that girls usually prefer long-term relationships and boys prefer short-term relationships. Most boys would have no idea of contraception and pregnancy, and would usually leave it up to the female to prevent herself from getting pregnant (Kohli, 2007). 3. Use of abortion 4. Use of adoption Psychological factors associated with teenage pregnancy – Most of the teenage girls do not intent to have a child during their teenage period due to a variety of factors including the need to grow and develop academically, social factors, etc. Only a small proportion of teenagers would like to have an infant and improve their mission in life. The bringing of a child would also increase the relationship and the bonding to their boyfriends. Teenage pregnancy would also improve the chances of becoming independent, stepping into their motherhood, etc. However, the psychological problems created by teenage pregnancy are more often negative. It creates a sense of low self-esteem. Teenagers who become pregnant may not be given the same amount of respect and esteem as before. This is mainly due to the engagement in sex. These psychological pressures would invariable lead to poor academic performances. Poor performance in academics may in turn create a lot of psychological pressure for the teenager and may lead to irresponsible sexual behavior. If the sexual behavior is responsible and if the child was intelligent and understanding, it was found that the academic record was also good (Kohli, 2007). Family Factors – Family communication holds a vital key in helping prevent teenage pregnancy. The mother and the daughter need to hold vital discussions on how should teenage pregnancy are prevented. The teenage girl would use contraception infrequently and incorrectly if not advised by the mother. In the other side, important discussions between the father and the son would hold the key to responsible sexual behavior of the male teenagers. The parents and the child needs to invariable discussion about sex-related issues. This would certainly prevent anything untoward from happening. Frequently, it was found that the sexual behavior of the parents did not have an important role to play in permitting the child to have sex. Sons were less likely to follow the parental advice on sex than the daughters. Parents, who were friendly and attentive towards their children, resulted in the teenagers becoming less sexually active. If the parents take up the issue of contraception and sexual activity with the teenager at a young age, then the chances of the child staying close to the parents is high. Studies have shown that even if the parents approves of the child’s sexual practice through non-verbal means, the chances of developing healthy sexual behavior was high. In traditional families, the chances of having a binding daughter were higher, than the son. If the mother was a homemaker, the chances of the daughter sticking to the mother’s advice were higher. It was found that in the males, peer involvement had an even greater role to play than family factors. This is because boys may not want to discuss any sexual issue with the parent and instead prefer to discuss it with the friends. Boys may only want to discuss sexual issues with individuals of the same age and belonging to the same sex. Any bad company would create irresponsible sexual behavior. On the other hand, when it comes to girls, they are more often affected by the advice of the male teenager than with the advice of their female friends. When a single parent existed at home, the chances of developing irresponsible sexual behavior was higher. Sexual abuse and problems in the family, was more likely to be responsible for undesired sexual behavior in the teen. The teenager was likely not to give importance to self. Teenager who previously suffered from certain mental disorders or those who were involved in crime were at a greater chance of becoming pregnant (Kohli, 2007). Social factors – Children belonging to certain social groups are more likely not to indulge in sexual activity or use contraception as a mean to prevent pregnancy. It is usually seen that in restrictive societies, the chances of becoming pregnant during the teenage period are lesser. This is due to the restrictions placed by the families on the child to stay away from sex. Socio-economic status also plays an important role in helping to prevent getting pregnant. Hispanics and other sexual minorities due to their lower Socio-economic backgrounds are less likely to receive sexual advice from home and from school. They may also lack medical facilities and contraception (Kohli, 2007). A counselor conducting teenage prevention programs should use various methods to prevent the teenage girl from becoming pregnant. Some of the most frequently utilized methods of preventing teenage pregnancy include use of contraception and abstaining from sex. The counselor needs to ensure that both these methods are used either alone or in combination with one another, depending on the situation (Kohli, 2007). Children who belong to societies, which are having strict sexual code, would like the teenagers not to indulge in sexual activity. There may pressures from the family, school and society for the teenager to abstain from sex. The teenagers may be told to delay all sexual relationships until marriage. In such a circumstance, the counsellor would have to create attitudes and behaviors in the teenager so that they would delay all sexual activity until adulthood. One of the laws developed in the year 1996 was the Welfare reform law and this gave birth to the development of the Abstinence education program. Federal funds were being utilized in such a program to counsel and educate the teenagers of premarital sex and the need to abstain from it. Every year about 50 million dollars was spent on the program. Several activities were a part of the program. The HRSA developed a community-based abstinence program in the year 2001. Federal funds were utilized to educate the public about premarital sex. They also conducted education programs for students between the ages of 12 to 18 years. More than 20 million dollars was being spend every year on such programs (Kohli, 2007 & USHHS, 2002). The counselor would have a role to play in addition to that of the family. He should work in close association with the family and the school-based activities. Frequently, the counselor would be advising the school of the increased need to have school-based sex education classes. Some parents may not want their children to have school-based sex education classes and instead prefer to give them advice personally. In such circumstances, it is the duty of the counselor to advise the parents of the importance of such activities. In teenagers it is found that abstinence-based program may be difficult to prevent them from indulging in sexual activity, but would definitely help to prevent them from indulging in sexual activity until the age of 18 years (Kohli, 2007 & USHHS, 2002d). As teenage pregnancy has multiple factors responsible, the program to be successful and effective needs to adopt a holistic approach to solve the problem. One of the issues that the counselor needs to emphasis on is the need to continue education and literary to a higher level. Teenagers having higher intellectual capacity are more likely to get motivated and continue with education on a longer term. Some teenagers may also like the issue of getting employed and standing on one’s own feet. It is found that such students are more likely to follow the advise of the counselor and respond. The counselor should continuously motivate the teenager to use contraceptive during sexual activities or if possible to abstain from sex (Children’s Aid Society Carrera Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, 2006). The counselor should also use the family as a role model to ensure that the teenager adopts healthy sexual practices. The teenager should be convinced about the strong family ties that are present. They should be told to take their mother and father as role models and lead a life that is going to be constructive in the future. Students belonging to various colleges may have a lot of creativity housed within them. They would like to use this skill to build a future. This could also be used as a point on which further motivation can be performed (Children’s Aid Society Carrera Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, 2006). The intervention performed should not be single measures as a number of factors are involved that are related to teenage pregnancy. Some counselors would utilize various psychotherapy techniques to help the teenagers to adopt healthy sexual practices. Some of the psychotherapy techniques that could be utilized included family therapy, group therapy, support groups, couple therapy, etc (Children’s Aid Society Carrera Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, 2006). All the issues that encompass sex and teenage matters need to be sorted out in a teenage pregnancy prevention program. Some of these issues include HIV/AIDS, responsible sexual behavior, use of contraceptives, drug abuse, etc. The teenagers should be motivated to lead a fruitful and a productive life. Many teenagers may feel depressed and hopeless in case they fall pregnant. However, a counselor should also be available to tackle such situations and offer the teenagers a way out. The counselor would have to adopt a stand that would encourage the teenager. Some of the points over which the teenager could be encouraged include: – 1. Make the teenager understand that young blood could be utilized for constructive purposes. 2. Helps the teen to build a life filled with purpose and responsibility. 3. Building a very promising future. 4. Helping teenagers who have had previous pregnancies and abortions to lead a life filled with hope and quality (Children’s Aid Society Carrera Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, 2006). However, this is not always the case with teenagers who have had previous pregnancies. Teenagers who have had previous pregnancies may be pressurized from various quarters. They may be forced to lead a life filled with poverty, misery, hopelessness and depression. The counselor should in such situations be available to uplift such teenagers to lead a quality life. The counselor should consider such teenagers to be at a high risk for depression and suicidal tendencies. He should be able to assess the presence of such risk and accordingly take measures to protect the teenager. Teenagers under the difficulties of life, require love and care. For this reason, they may indulge in sexual activities. However, the performance of such activities may result in a critical error leading to the female girl becoming pregnant. The counselor should provide hope and motivation for the teenager to lead a fruitful life (Children’s Aid Society Carrera Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, 2006). One of the most effective programs when it comes to social issues such as teenage pregnancy, community-based approaches seems to be very superior. The US Health and Human Services is one organization that is supporting the use of community-based programs for the prevention of pregnancy amongst teenagers. They would be using various resources such as financial, human, supportive, infrastructure, material, etc, to perform various activities such as building partnerships, researching, monitoring, evaluating, planning, disseminating knowledge, etc (Children’s Aid Society Carrera Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, 2006 & US HHS, 2002). The CDC has taken the issue of teenage pregnancy prevention on a priority basis since the year 1995. The programs support various activities in order to help prevent teenage pregnancies. These include community actions, coordinated efforts, identify shortcomings, identifying and allocating resources, evaluating the project, etc. Several governmental and non-governmental would be taking part in such activities, including local, regional and federal (US HHS, 2002). Several other issues need to be considered in the teenage pregnancy prevention program. For the provision of reproductive health services, several health insurance options should be available to the teenagers (such as Medicaid and Medicare Services). Several of the State, Regional and Federal Public Health programs such as the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant, etc are meant for adolescent health and to prevent pregnancy in young teenage girls. Teenagers should also have facilities to help them with several other issues such as drug abuse, alcohol abuse, legal issues, etc (US HHS, 2002). In a teenage pregnancy prevention program, during the implementation certain principles need to be adhered to: –  · The objectives, goals and the expected outcome of the program should be clearly defined.  · The mode by which these objectives are to be achieved need to be determined.  · Collaboration should exist between the governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and private organizations.  · The involvement of teens in the program.  · The activities and the content of the program performed should be attractive to the teens.  · All activities should be constructive in nature.  · Cultural activities and local resources would provide huge amount of benefits.  · Use of local volunteers and counselors would also help in the program.  · Long-term support should be provided to the teens in helping to carve out something constructive for the future.  · The two measures by which the program would be acting include abstinence and contraception. Abstinence can delay the interest in indulging in sexual activity by the teen. Contraception methods and techniques should be taught. Males should be encouraged to take up contraception use, as it is more convenient and reduces the load on the females.  · The programs should be developmentally appropriate.  · Decision-making skills and problem-solving methods should be taught to the teenagers.  · Several health services such as gynecological services, obstetrics services, adolescent health, pregnancy testing, prevention and treatment for STD’s, contraceptive counseling, etc. The health services should incorporated certain features including confidentiality, informed consent, flexibility in appointments, free services, etc. (Davies, 2007). References: ASPE-HHS (2007). â€Å"Involving Health Care Professionals in Teen Pregnancy Prevention.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from ASPE-HHS Web site: http://aspe.hhs.gov/HSP/get-organized99/ch10.pdf Blank, L., Goyder, E. & Peters, J. (2003). â€Å"Teenage pregnancy prevention initiatives in New Deal Communities.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from The University of Sheffield Web site. Center For Maternal And Child Health (2007). â€Å"Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from Advocates for Youth Web site: http://www.fha.state.md.us/mch/html/teenpreg.cfm Children’s Aid Society Carrera (2006). â€Å"Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from Children’s Aid Society Carrera Web site: http://www.stopteenpregnancy.com/ourprogram/ Connelly, M. T. & Inui, T. S. (2004). â€Å"Principles of Disease Prevention.† In: Braunwald, E., Fauci, A. S., Kasper, D. L., Hauser, S. L., Longo, D. L. and Jameson, J.L. (Eds) Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, New York: McGraw-Hill. Davis, L. (2007). â€Å"Components of Promising Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from Advocates for Youth Web site: http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/iag/compnent.htm Huberman, B. (2005). â€Å"National Teen Pregnancy Prevention Month (NTPPM) Planning Guidebook.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from Advocates of Youth Web site. Kohli, V. & Nyberg, K. L. (2007). â€Å"Teen Pregnancy Prevention through Education.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from California State University Web site. Ontario’s Maternal, Newborn and Early Child Development Resource Centre and the Sex Information and Education Council of Canada (2007). â€Å"Update report on Teen pregnancy prevention.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from OMNECD Web site: PCL (2007). â€Å"Unplanned Pregnancy Counselling.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from PCL Web site: http://www.pcl.org.au/ SHPPS (2006). â€Å"Pregnancy Prevention.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from SHPPS Web site. The National Campaign To Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy (2006). â€Å"Teen Pregnancy – So What?† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from Teenage Pregnancy.org Web site: http://www.teenpregnancy.org/whycare/sowhat.asp US HHS (2002). â€Å"Preventing Teenage Pregnancy.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from US HHS Web site: http://www.policyalmanac.org/health/archive/hhs_teenage_pregnancy.shtml Weiss, D. (2007). â€Å"Reducing Teenage Pregnancy.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from Planned Parenthood Web site: http://www.plannedparenthood.org/news-articles-press/politics-policyissues/teen-pregnancy-sex-education/teenage-pregnancy-6240.htm University of Richmond (2003). â€Å"Teenage Pregnancy Prevention.† Retrieved on December 14, 2007, from University of Richmond Web site: http://www.solutionsforamerica.org/healthyfam/teenage-pregnancy.html